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Last edited by shiny on 10 Nov 2026. View history

cabbage Cabbage

Brassica oleracea Brassica oleracea Capitata group WD Brassica oleracea var. capitata
Also known as Shetland cabbage (EN) Savoy cabbage (EN) white cabbage (EN) red cabbage (EN) chou (Fr) (EN) repollo (Spanish) (EN) cavolo (Italian) (EN) kraut (German) (EN) kapeti kovu (Fiji) (EN) kapisi palangi (Tuvalu) (EN) kapisi (EN) kebis (EN)

A variety of Brassica oleracea

How to sow cabbage: Direct seed indoors, transplant seedlings outside after hardening off.

Sun requirement for cabbage: Plant in Full Sun

Cabbage is a member of the Brassica family and related to kale, broccoli, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower. It's dense, layered heads grow on stalks and are surrounded by looser outer leaves. It's leaves can be green, white, or purple in color, and smooth or crinkly in texture. Depending on the variety, the head can be round, oblong, or flat. Cabbage prefers cooler temperatures and is best planted in the spring or fall.

34
plantings
15
harvests
3
seed packets
Growstuff is a free, community-run site for people who grow food. Keep track of what you plant and harvest, find seeds to swap, and see what is growing near you. Join to record your own cabbages.

Cabbage facts

Lifespan

Annual living and reproducing in a single year or less
20 weeks median lifespan
First harvest expected 26 weeks after planting
Last harvest expected 30 weeks after planting

Height × spread

30cm × 40cm

Row Spacing

60cm Members' seed packets: 60cm

Germination

5–11 days median of members' seed packets

Days until maturity

65–93 days median of members' seed packets

When to sow

Southern hemisphere Sep–May
Northern hemisphere Mar–Nov
median of members' seed packets

Grown for

whole plant harvested 12 times
Optimal temperature 15–24 °C
Absolute temperature 7–32 °C
FAO EcoCrop
Optimal rainfall 500–1000 mm/year
Absolute rainfall 300–2500 mm/year
FAO EcoCrop
Optimal soil pH 6–7.5
Absolute soil pH 5–8.3
FAO EcoCrop

Crop cycle

60–200 days
FAO EcoCrop

Max altitude

2000 m
FAO EcoCrop

Optimal light

clear skies
FAO EcoCrop
What are growing degree days?

A plant grows with warmth, not with days. A growing degree day is one day's worth of useful warmth: how many degrees the day's average temperature is above the lowest temperature the crop grows at. Add them up from planting and you know how far along the crop is, whatever the calendar says.

Say that lowest temperature is 10°C. A day averaging 17°C gives 7 growing degree days. A day averaging 8°C gives none, as it is too cold for the crop to grow. That is why the same lettuce takes about 50 days in a summer and 90 in an autumn: it needs the same total warmth either way.

For cabbage, the FAO EcoCrop database gives a lowest growing temperature of 7°C and a shortest growing cycle of 60 days at its best temperature, about 750 growing degree days to a first harvest.

Where you've told us where your garden is, we use this and the weather there to predict when your cabbage will be ready to harvest. We don't use it for how long a plant lives or when it finishes: we go by what members have logged for that.

Growing cabbages

  1. Sow seeds in trays 5 weeks before planting out
  2. Dig compost into the bed 1 week before planting out
  3. Harden off the seedlings 1 week before planting out
  4. Firm the soil well around the stems at planting out
  5. Net against cabbage white butterflies at planting out
  6. Set or refill beer traps for slugs and snails at planting out every week
  7. Water regularly at planting out every week
  8. Check leaves for caterpillars 2 weeks after planting out every week
  9. Feed with a nitrogen fertiliser 4 weeks after planting out
  10. Cut heads once they feel firm at first harvest
  11. Pull out the stalks 4 weeks after first harvest

How members grow cabbages

Sunniness

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Planted from

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Harvested for

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Varieties of cabbage

Image of choy sum

choy sum

Brassica rapa var. parachinensis
Image of Dalmatian cabbage

Dalmatian cabbage

Brassica oleracea
Image of January king cabbage

January king cabbage

Brassica oleracea var. sabauda
Image of kohlrabi

kohlrabi

Brassica oleracea (gongylodes)
Image of red cabbage

red cabbage

Brassica oleracea Capitata group
Image of Savoy cabbage

Savoy cabbage

Brassica oleracea var. sabauda

Plant cabbages with

Photos

Cabbage crops

Cabbage plantings

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Cabbage harvests

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Video

Where cabbages grow

Only plantings by members who have set their locations are shown.

What people are saying about cabbages

In a Pickling Pickle

by CloCkWeRX,

This year I accidentally produced approximately 6 billion cabbages. This immediately lead to problems, as not wanting to waste anything and reading that all parts are edible, I set about home canning, freezing and doing about every variation of stuffing something into a cabbage,…

cabbage cabbages
Read more

pandemic baking - use for those eggshells

by shiny,

There's so much baking going on here, stuck at home under the nationwide pandemic lockdown – and when we can get eggs we end up with many eggshells. These can be crushed and placed around the base of brassica like cabbage and broccoli. Snails and slugs do…

cabbage cabbages broccoli broccoli
Read more

The nets are up

by shiny,

Due to the pandemic lockdown, I can't go to the hardware store to get things. I've been in semi-isolation since the start of march, and we've been in nationwide lockdown since last week.

I needed to set up the nets to keep out the white butterfly. I've had to be creative and i&#3…

cabbage cabbages broccoli broccoli
Read more

Planting outdoors & fruit trees

by maco,

Today I transplanted the cabbage and onion seedlings outside and planted seeds for: arugula, garlic (well, cloves, not seeds–forced in the fridge), mesclun salad mix, kale, cauliflower, and …

cabbage cabbages onions arugula arugula garlic kale kale cauliflower cauliflowers beet beets apple apples peach peaches almond almonds plum plums
Read more

Getting ready for spring!

by maco,

I've got seeds either on-hand or ordered for just about everything I'm starting from seed this year. I've been working out what I want to plant, and this is the plan I've come up with for the 72 square feet of my backyard raised beds:

![garden plan](http://mackenzie.morgan.name/t…

arugula arugula basils beet beets cabbage cabbages cauliflower cauliflowers cucumbers eggplant eggplants garlic kale kale lettuce lettuces onions oregano parsley Hungarian wax pepper Hungarian wax peppers bell pepper bell peppers zucchini zucchini yellow summer squash yellow summer squash butternut squash butternut squash sweet potato sweet potatoes tomatoes super sweet 100 tomato super sweet 100 tomatoes chamomiles
Read more
Image of cabbage

Who's planted cabbages

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Cabbage harvests

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Find cabbage seeds

Ecological requirements

Data from the FAO EcoCrop database for Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. [Alef.]

Family / Taxonomy Magnoliopsida
Dilleniidae
Capparales
Cruciferae
Killing temperature growth: -1 °C, rest: -10 °C
Life form herb
Life span biennial
Habit acaulescent (or rosette plants)
Optimal soil depth shallow (20-50 cm)
Optimal soil texture medium, organic
Optimal soil fertility high
Optimal soil drainage well (dry spells)
Optimal soil salinity low (<4 dS/m)
Photoperiod neutral day (12-14 hours), long day (>14 hours)

Learn more about cabbages

Resources outside Growstuff.