Concord wheat
Triticum aestivum
Last edited by shiny on 3 Nov 2026. View history
Wheat
How to sow wheat: Direct seed into furrows. Broadcast or use grain drill. Rake in, roll soil to firm the bed.
Sun requirement for wheat: Plant in Full Sun
Wheat is a grass that is grown for its seed. Many species of wheat make up the genus Triticum, with the most widely grown species being Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum). Wheat can be divided into two main groups: Winter (planted in fall and harvested in the spring or summer) and Spring (planted in spring and harvested in fall). Winter and Spring can then be divided into 1) Soft wheat (low in gluten, used for pastries and crackers), 2) Hard wheat (high in gluten, used for bread), and 3) Durum wheat (used for pasta). Winter wheat should be planted 6-8 weeks before the soil freezes to allow time for good root development. Spring wheat is planted as early as the ground can be worked in the spring.
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Wheat facts
Lifespan
Annual
living and reproducing in a single year or less
Height
120cm
Optimal temperature
15–23 °C
Absolute temperature
5–27 °C
FAO EcoCrop
Optimal rainfall
750–900 mm/year
Absolute rainfall
300–1600 mm/year
FAO EcoCrop
Optimal soil pH
6–7
Absolute soil pH
5.5–8.5
FAO EcoCrop
Crop cycle
90–250 days
FAO EcoCrop
Max altitude
4500 m
FAO EcoCrop
Optimal light
very bright
FAO EcoCrop
What are growing degree days?
A plant grows with warmth, not with days. A growing degree day is one day's worth of useful warmth: how many degrees the day's average temperature is above the lowest temperature the crop grows at. Add them up from planting and you know how far along the crop is, whatever the calendar says.
Say that lowest temperature is 10°C. A day averaging 17°C gives 7 growing degree days. A day averaging 8°C gives none, as it is too cold for the crop to grow. That is why the same lettuce takes about 50 days in a summer and 90 in an autumn: it needs the same total warmth either way.
For wheat, the FAO EcoCrop database gives a lowest growing temperature of 5°C and a shortest growing cycle of 90 days at its best temperature, about 1260 growing degree days to a first harvest.
Where you've told us where your garden is, we use this and the weather there to predict when your wheat will be ready to harvest. We don't use it for how long a plant lives or when it finishes: we go by what members have logged for that.
How members grow wheat
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Varieties of wheat
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Who's planted wheat
- shiny front garden · Wellington, NZ
- mmmel Veggie patch · Melbourne, Australia
- deepad A Balcony · Delhi, India
- GoatLady Goat Pasture · Culpeper County,...
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Ecological requirements
Data from the FAO EcoCrop database for Triticum aestivum L.
| Family / Taxonomy | Liliopsida Commelinidae Cyperales Gramineae |
|---|---|
| Killing temperature | growth: 0 °C, rest: -20 °C |
| Life form | grass |
| Life span | annual |
| Habit | erect |
| Optimal soil depth | medium (50-150 cm) |
| Optimal soil texture | medium, organic |
| Optimal soil fertility | high |
| Optimal soil drainage | well (dry spells) |
| Optimal soil salinity | low (<4 dS/m) |
| Photoperiod | neutral day (12-14 hours), long day (>14 hours) |
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