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Last edited on 3 Feb 2024. View history

rye Rye

How to sow rye: Broadcast direct seed

Sun requirement for rye: Plant in Full Sun

Rye is a grass grown as a cereal grain, a cover crop and a forage crop. A member of the wheat tribe (Triticeae), it is closely related to barley and wheat. It should not be confused with Ryegrass, which is in the Lolium genus, and used for lawns, pasture, and hay for livestock. Rye is more tolerant of poorer soils and cold temperatures than other grains. It is often sown in autumn and harvested for grain the following season. It's vigorous growth suppresses weeds, but can also invade winter wheat fields. When grown as a cover crop or "green manure," it is often paired with hairy vetch and crimson clover, and mowed and turned in before it goes to seed to increase the amount of organic matter in the soil.

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Rye facts

Lifespan

Annual living and reproducing in a single year or less

Height × spread

125cm × 25cm
Optimal temperature 15–20 °C
Absolute temperature 3–31 °C
FAO EcoCrop
Optimal rainfall 600–1000 mm/year
Absolute rainfall 400–2000 mm/year
FAO EcoCrop
Optimal soil pH 5.5–6
Absolute soil pH 4.5–8.2
FAO EcoCrop

Crop cycle

110–270 days
FAO EcoCrop

Max altitude

4300 m
FAO EcoCrop

Optimal light

very bright
FAO EcoCrop
What are growing degree days?

A plant grows with warmth, not with days. A growing degree day is one day's worth of useful warmth: how many degrees the day's average temperature is above the lowest temperature the crop grows at. Add them up from planting and you know how far along the crop is, whatever the calendar says.

Say that lowest temperature is 10°C. A day averaging 17°C gives 7 growing degree days. A day averaging 8°C gives none, as it is too cold for the crop to grow. That is why the same lettuce takes about 50 days in a summer and 90 in an autumn: it needs the same total warmth either way.

For rye, the FAO EcoCrop database gives a lowest growing temperature of 3°C and a shortest growing cycle of 110 days at its best temperature, about 1595 growing degree days to a first harvest.

Where you've told us where your garden is, we use this and the weather there to predict when your rye will be ready to harvest. We don't use it for how long a plant lives or when it finishes: we go by what members have logged for that.

How members grow rye

Sunniness

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Planted from

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Varieties of rye

Image of Milmore Downs rye

Milmore Downs rye

Secale cereale

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Rye crops

Where rye grow

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Rye harvests

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Ecological requirements

Data from the FAO EcoCrop database for Secale cereale L.

Family / Taxonomy Liliopsida
Commelinidae
Cyperales
Gramineae
Killing temperature growth: -1 °C, rest: -18 °C
Life form grass
Life span annual
Habit erect
Optimal soil depth medium (50-150 cm)
Optimal soil texture heavy, medium, light
Optimal soil fertility moderate
Optimal soil drainage well (dry spells)
Optimal soil salinity low (<4 dS/m)
Photoperiod short day (<12 hours), neutral day (12-14 hours)

Learn more about rye

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